The Nordic countries have become key destinations for migrants from across Europe and beyond, with foreignborn populations nearly doubling over the past two decades. If effectively integrated, migrants in the Nordic countries have the potential to help meet pressing labour shortages and address growing demographic challenges. Yet, integration outcomes remain uneven, with marked differences between EU and non-EU migrants, women and men, and across generations.
This report provides a comprehensive overview of immigrant integration in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. It examines integration across the labour market, education, language learning, social outcomes and civic participation, with particular attention to specific groups such as humanitarian migrants and children of immigrants. The analysis highlights both the strengths of the Nordic model – high employment, strong participation in education and training, and inclusive welfare institutions – and the challenges that remain in ensuring equal opportunities and long-term social cohesion.
